Effect of spodoptera exigua iflavirus coinoculation. Consequently, it has expanded its geographic range extensively outside of asia, becoming an invasive species and crop pest throughout the world. After 3 or more days as eggs, spodoptera exigua larvae hatch and then devour their. But some records are also based on passive transport as with agricultural products. Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose. Yoshiaki noma, yoshinori asakawa, in comprehensive natural products ii, 2010. Spodoptera exigua is native to the tropics and subtropics of almost the entire world. Spodoptera exigua caterpillar feeding induces rapid. Melia azedarach is a plant species whose fruits posses nematicidal and insecticidal activity. Spodoptera frugiperda and others species captured in.
Evaluation of five candidate receptors for three bt toxins. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. The intensive use of chemical insecticides has resulted in the development of resistance in populations of this pest brewer and trumble 1989, ahmad and arif 2010. While adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that.
The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification of moths collected in spodoptera surveys. Sticky, pheromone baited traps placed on field perimeters can be used to indicate when adults are migrating into fields. Characterization and expression patterns of a membrane. Feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Biotransformation of acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids by various bacteria, fungi, insect larvae, such as spodoptera litura, and mammals, such as rabbits and possums, and human and rat cytochrome enzyme is summarized. The beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, is a worldwide, polyphagous agricultural pest feeding on vegetable, field, and flower crops. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family noctuidae. Noctuidae, consists of two ge netically differentiated strains. Noctuidae on various host plants article pdf available in bulletin of entomological research 966. Suppression subtractive hybridization ssh was used to construct cdna libraries of genes that are upand downregulated in the midgut of last instar larvae of beet armyworm, s. Jun 18, 20 the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is one of the most serious agricultural pests of vegetable and flower crops in many agricultural areas all over the world.
To gain an insight into trehalase functions in insects, we investigated a putative membranebound trehalase from spodoptera exigua setre2 cloned from the fat body. Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, is thought to have. We aimed to study the biodiversity of the microbiota across the life cycle of s. Transcriptome analysis and screening for potential target. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera. Early instar larvae are gregarious, feeding as a group and skeletonizing leaves. Identification and field evaluation of the sex pheromone of a. Summary of losses from insect damage and costs of control in georgia, 1988. Its biology, impact and control on maize production in nigeria article pdf available july 2018 with 3,126 reads how we measure reads. A rapid cold hardening rch and supercooling capacity usually play crucial roles in survival during the overwintering period. General information note on fall armyworm spodoptera. However, the lacking of genome architecture severely limits our understanding of its rapid adaptation and the development of efficient pest managements. Beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Laid in groups of about 10200 eggs per egg mass eggs may be laid in a single or in two or more.
Spodoptera exigua is a serious pest of many agricultural crops. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. This moth is found in asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in cambodia, hong kong, india, the pacific islands, guam, american. Identification and characterization of candidate chemosensory. This page was last edited on 8 december 2014, at 07. Associate professor and armyworm spodoptera exigua may. Spodoptera exigua wikibooks, open books for an open world. The beet armyworm spodoptera exigua is one of the most wellknown agricultural pest insects. Transregional migration of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. By dr idrissa maiga, entomologist agrhymet regional centrecilss. Spodoptera, of the species albula sunia, exigua and latifascia, with two traps april and then three traps from 14 may 2004 for each of these species. Among the clones from the ssh libraries, cdna fragments coding for two different apns were obtained apn2 and apn4. Production of senpv in a suspension of an established.
Noctuidae 4 beet armyworm larvae are susceptible to neem products prabhaker et al. Partly grown larva of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua edis university of florida. Identification of four caspase genes from spodoptera. Eggs can be killed with petroleum oil, and both eggs and young larvae can be controlled with foliar applications of 5% cottonseed oil, but this concentra. Newly hatched larvae were fed soybean, cotton, maize, wheat, and oat leaves. Noctuidae, hitherto a minor pest, had already taken a heavy toll on onion production. To improve these resources we sequenced the transcriptome of s. In this study, performance and subsequent enzyme activity of beet armyworm reared. A novel cry9aa with increased toxicity for spodoptera exigua hubner. Natural products structural diversityii secondary metabolites. Smith, has been classified as a sporadic pest due to its migratory behavior. The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification of moths collected in spodoptera.
May 20, 2008 to gain an insight into trehalase functions in insects, we investigated a putative membranebound trehalase from spodoptera exigua setre2 cloned from the fat body. The beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is a freezesusceptible species that overwinters in temperate zones without diapause. Newly damaged foliage or vegetative terminals, especially in. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar. It is native to asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost anywhere its many host crops are grown. Abstract book 15th meeting of the iobcwprs working group microbial and nematode control of invertebrate pests new challenges for biological control june 7 11, 2015, riga, latvia. Kevin kavanagh, in reference module in life sciences, 2017 3 spodoptera exigua s. General information note on fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda j. Moreover, spodoptera exigua penetrates as an uncommon migrant far north and was found for example in germany many times. Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera. Vip3a, a novel bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with a.
In the 1950s, this pest destroyed young citrus trees and nursery stocks in california, leading to substantial economic losses in approximately 500 acres of citrus areas. Spodoptera exigua an overview sciencedirect topics. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. We report a chromosomelevel genome assembly using singlemolecule realtime pacbio sequencing and hi. Noctuidae is a major polyphagous pest of a wide variety of crops worldwide. Behavior and basic biology research laboratory, agric. Bacillus thuringiensis cry1caresistant spodoptera exigua. Spodoptera litura an overview sciencedirect topics. Insects such as beet armyworm caterpillars spodoptera exigua cause extensive damage to maize zea mays by consuming foliar tissue. The whs strain has been reared on an artificial diet in laboratory without any exposure to insecticides or bt toxins since its initial collection in 1998 che et al. The traps were replenished on the following dates in 2004. Siklus hidup spodoptera exigua pada pakan buatan daun. Siklus hidup spodoptera exigua pada pakan buatan daun bawang merah dan daun bawang prey di bawah binthingan hendarko sugondo dan moehammad hadi. Spodoptera exigua and agrotis ipsilon exigua klun et al.
Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of such parasiteinduced behavioural changes. However, many more spodoptera species which may be a threat to plant. Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, is thought to have originated in southeast asia. Moraes 1, miguel borges1, amanda rodrigues viana, raul alberto laumann. The roughly 30 species are distributed across six continents. T muhammadbiology and mass rearing of lucerne caterpillar, spodoptera.
New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible tospodoptera exigua. In florida it is regarded as a serious defoliator of flower. Pdf consumption rates, development times, and life table parameters of the beet armyworm. Damage of spodoptera frugiperda smith in different maize. We studied spodoptera frugiperda development using different food sources in the laboratory and field. The genome sequence is 149,090 bp and exhibits the greatest degree of sequence similarity with genomes from alphabaculoviruses isolated from other moths of the genus spodoptera. Spodoptera exigua laphegoverview eppo global database. While adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we. Feeding and life history parameters of spodoptera exigua. Biological activity of melia azedarach extracts against. As adult moths, beet armyworms are extremely mobile.
Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua by ingestion of bacteria expressing dsrna of a nonmidgut gene. Because exact data were missing on overwintering sites and population biology, detailed. Regular monitoring of onion during 2017, for the s. Pdf apoptosis is induced in the haemolymph and fat body. Production of senpv in a suspension of an established spodoptera exigua cell line. Newly hatched larva of the beet armyworm, spodoptera. Effect of host plants on development, fecundity and enzyme. Smith a very harmful and polyphagous pest to watch. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar, and the adult moth is known in the uk where it is an immigrant and not known to breed as the small mottled willow. Spodoptera exigua often very similar but paler dorsally than laterally helicoverpa spp. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, spodoptera exigua. Complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the. Beet armyworm occasionally bears a spot laterally, but if present it occurs on the mesothorax, not on the first abdominal segment.
In the british isles, where it is an introduced species and not. We report a chromosomelevel genome assembly using singlemolecule realtime. Extensive crop damage commonly accompanies infestations by this insect. Many parasites enhance their dispersal and transmission by manipulating host behaviour.
Unfortunately, genetic resources for the beet armyworm is extremely scarce. Duration of prepupal, pupal, and larvaadult period, pupal weight, sex ratio, survival, larva feeding preferences, oviposition preferences, and nutritional. Pdf feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Noctuidae 3 leaf debris and other material to form a cocoon on the soil. The deduced amino acid sequence of setre2 contains 645 residues and has a predicted molecular weight of 74 kda and pi of 6. Steps for the dissection of male spodoptera moths lepidoptera. Rna interference of glycerol biosynthesis suppresses rapid. Their ability to fly long distances has enabled them to greatly expand their geographic range outside of asia. Maize plants respond to such insect attack by triggering defense mechanisms that involve large changes in gene expression and the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and defense signaling molecules. Using chitin synthase gene a sechsa as the target gene, which is expressed in the cuticle and tracheae of the lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua, we showed that the growth and development of s. While adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Spodoptera praefica has a rectangular, somewhat obscure, black spot on the mesothorax. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible to spodoptera. Insecticidal characteristics of two commercial spodoptera. Two species of armyworms can be attack forages but seldom reach pest. It is native to asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost. Identification and characterization of candidate chemosensory gene families from spodoptera exigua developmental transcriptomes naiyong liu, ting zhang, zhanfeng ye, fei li, shuanglin dong college of plant protection, nanjing agricultural university, nanjing 210095, china key laboratory of integrated management of crop diseases and pests. We used crisprcas9 to introduce into g 0 insects of whs a knockout of seapn1 fig. Hunan provincial key laboratory for biology and control of plant diseases and insect pests, hunan agricultural university, changsha, hunan, 410128 china.
Noctuidae was evaluated at c, % relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 h light8 h dark. This is a western united states species with coloration totally unlike s. The whole plant when small or the terminal three leaflets of the 3rd or 7th leaf can be examined for the presence of eggs. Characterization and expression patterns of a membranebound. We report the complete genome sequence of a baculovirus from the moth spodoptera eridania, the southern armyworm.
Biodiversity of the microbiota in spodoptera exigua. Promod kumar shakya, masarrat haseeb and uzma manzoor department of plant protection, faculty of agricultural sciences, aligarh muslim university, aligarh, uttar pradesh, india email. Our findings indicate that persistence of both the biopesticides was significantly reduced at 21 day postapplication when tested against first instar larvae of the s. Egg mass eggs are dome shaped dirty white to gray in color. Photograph by john capinera, university of florida. Egg clusters are usually deposited on the underside of leaves. Spodoptera litura is also known as the oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, taro caterpillar, tobacco budworm, rice cutworm, and cotton cutworm. Since the late 1980s the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. The beet armyworm or small mottled willow moth spodoptera exigua is one of the bestknown agricultural pest insects. One intriguing example concerns baculoviruses that induce hyperactivity and treetop disease i.
Managing armyworms in pastures and hayfields fsa7083. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on the origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc. The highest and lowest net fecundity rates were obtained on williams eggsfemale and l17 eggsfemale, respectively. As these species have the potential to cause economic damage in other crops, we. Keys about fact sheets glossary larval morphology references. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 lepidoptera, noctuidae, and flight dynamics data in the sombor region. A chromosomelevel genome assembly for the beet armyworm. Pest risk assessment netherlands food and consumer product. The deduced amino acid sequence of setre2 contains 645 residues and has a. The lethal concentration lc50 required to kill 50% of the population of deltamethrin to gossypolfed spodoptera exigua larvae was 2. The fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, is a lepidopteran pest that feeds in large numbers on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 350 plant species, causing major damage to economically important cultivated grasses such as maize, rice, sorghum, sugarcane and wheat but also other vegetable crops and cotton.
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